GPIO descriptor fixes (#578)

Devices/elecrow-crowpanel-advance-50/elecrow,crowpanel-advance-50.dts

@@ -86,9 +86,7 @@
 		vsync-back-porch = <8>;
 		vsync-front-porch = <8>;
 		pclk-active-neg;
-		num-fbs = <2>;
+		bounce-buffer-size-px = <4000>;
-		double-fb;
-		bounce-buffer-size-px = <8000>;
 		pin-hsync = <&gpio0 40 GPIO_FLAG_NONE>;
 		pin-vsync = <&gpio0 41 GPIO_FLAG_NONE>;
 		pin-de = <&gpio0 42 GPIO_FLAG_NONE>;

Devices/elecrow-crowpanel-basic-50/elecrow,crowpanel-basic-50.dts

@@ -89,9 +89,7 @@
 		vsync-back-porch = <12>;
 		vsync-front-porch = <8>;
 		pclk-active-neg;
-		num-fbs = <2>;
+		bounce-buffer-size-px = <4000>;
-		double-fb;
-		bounce-buffer-size-px = <8000>;
 		pin-hsync = <&gpio0 39 GPIO_FLAG_NONE>;
 		pin-vsync = <&gpio0 41 GPIO_FLAG_NONE>;
 		pin-de = <&gpio0 40 GPIO_FLAG_NONE>;

Devices/m5stack-cores3/m5stack,cores3.dts

@@ -205,5 +205,4 @@
 			backlight = <&display_backlight>;
 		};
 	};
-
 };

Devices/m5stack-papers3/source/drivers/papers3_power.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 #include "papers3_power.h"
 
+
 #include <tactility/check.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/power_supply.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/pwm.h>
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@
 
 #include <new>
 
-#define TAG "Papers3Power"
+constexpr auto* TAG = "Papers3Power";
 #define GET_CONFIG(device) (static_cast<const Papers3PowerConfig*>((device)->config))
 
 // Power-off signal timing, ported from the old deprecated-HAL PaperS3Power::powerOff().
@@ -192,17 +194,8 @@ static void destroy_power_supply_child(Device* child) {
 // region Driver lifecycle
 
 static error_t acquire_input(const GpioPinSpec& pin, GpioDescriptor** out_descriptor) {
-    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    *out_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
-    if (descriptor == nullptr) {
+    return (*out_descriptor != nullptr) ? ERROR_NONE : ERROR_RESOURCE;
-        return ERROR_RESOURCE;
-    }
-    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT);
-    if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
-        gpio_descriptor_release(descriptor);
-        return error;
-    }
-    *out_descriptor = descriptor;
-    return ERROR_NONE;
 }
 
 static error_t start(Device* device) {
@@ -226,13 +219,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    internal->power_off_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_power_off.gpio_controller, config->pin_power_off.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    internal->power_off_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_power_off.gpio_controller, config->pin_power_off.pin, config->pin_power_off.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
-    if (internal->power_off_descriptor == nullptr ||
+    if (internal->power_off_descriptor == nullptr) {
-        gpio_descriptor_set_flags(internal->power_off_descriptor, config->pin_power_off.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) != ERROR_NONE) {
-        LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to configure power-off pin");
-        if (internal->power_off_descriptor != nullptr) {
-            gpio_descriptor_release(internal->power_off_descriptor);
-        }
         gpio_descriptor_release(internal->usb_detect_descriptor);
         gpio_descriptor_release(internal->charge_status_descriptor);
         delete internal;

Devices/m5stack-stackchan/m5stack,stackchan.dts

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
 #include <tactility/bindings/esp32_grove.h>
 #include <tactility/bindings/esp32_i2c.h>
 #include <tactility/bindings/esp32_i2s.h>
+#include <tactility/bindings/esp32_sdspi.h>
 #include <tactility/bindings/esp32_spi.h>
 #include <tactility/bindings/esp32_uart.h>
+#include <tactility/bindings/gpio_hog.h>
 #include <bindings/aw88298.h>
 #include <bindings/aw9523b.h>
 #include <bindings/axp2101.h>
@@ -20,8 +22,6 @@
 #include <bindings/ili9341.h>
 #include <bindings/ina226.h>
 #include <bindings/py32ioexpander.h>
-#include <tactility/bindings/esp32_sdspi.h>
-#include <tactility/bindings/gpio_hog.h>
 
 // Reference: https://docs.m5stack.com/en/StackChan
 / {
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 			aw9523_sdcard_switch {
 				compatible = "gpio-hog";
 				pin = <&aw9523b 4 GPIO_FLAG_NONE>;
-				mode = <GPIO_HOG_MODE_OUTPUT_HIGH>;
+				mode = <GPIO_HOG_MODE_INPUT>;
 			};
 
 			aw9523_boost_enable {

Devices/m5stack-tab5/Source/devices/devices_v1.cpp

@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ static void apply_gt911_int_workaround() {
         LOG_W(TAG, "display_detect: gpio0 not found, GT911 INT workaround not applied");
         return;
     }
-    auto* int_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(gpio0, 23, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* int_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(gpio0, 23, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     device_put(gpio0);
     if (int_pin == nullptr) {
         LOG_W(TAG, "display_detect: failed to acquire GPIO23 for GT911 INT workaround");
         return;
     }
     gpio_descriptor_set_flags(int_pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP);
-    gpio_descriptor_set_level(int_pin, false);
+    gpio_descriptor_set_level(int_pin, true);
     gpio_descriptor_release(int_pin);
 }
 
@@ -67,8 +67,6 @@ static void create_gt911_touch(Device* i2c0) {
         // Reset is pulsed via io_expander0 (detect.cpp's pulse_display_reset_pins), not a direct SoC GPIO.
         .pin_reset = GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE,
         .pin_interrupt = GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE,
-        .reset_active_high = false,
-        .interrupt_active_high = false,
     };
     gt911_device.config = &gt911_config;
 
@@ -103,7 +101,6 @@ void tab5_create_devices_v1(Device* i2c0) {
         // LCD reset is pulsed via io_expander0 (detect.cpp's pulse_display_reset_pins), not a
         // direct SoC GPIO.
         .pin_reset = GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE,
-        .reset_active_high = false,
         .ldo_channel = 3,
         .ldo_voltage_mv = 2500,
         .dsi_bus_id = 0,

Devices/m5stack-tab5/Source/devices/devices_v2.cpp

@@ -50,8 +50,6 @@ static void create_st7123_touch(Device* i2c0) {
         // Reset is pulsed via io_expander0 (detect.cpp's pulse_display_reset_pins), not a direct SoC GPIO.
         .pin_reset = GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE,
         .pin_interrupt = pin_interrupt,
-        .reset_active_high = false,
-        .interrupt_active_high = false,
     };
     st7123_touch_device.config = &st7123_touch_config;
 
@@ -82,7 +80,6 @@ void tab5_create_devices_v2(Device* i2c0) {
         .mirror_x = false,
         .mirror_y = false,
         .pin_reset = GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE,
-        .reset_active_high = false,
         .ldo_channel = 3,
         .ldo_voltage_mv = 2500,
         .dsi_bus_id = 0,

Devices/m5stack-tab5/Source/devices/display_detect.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "detect.h"
 
-#include "../../../../TactilityKernel/include/tactility/log.h"
 #include "devices_common.h"
 #include "devices_v1.h"
 #include "devices_v2.h"
@@ -8,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/device_listener.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/log.h>
 
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ constexpr auto GPIO_EXP0_PIN_LCD_RESET = 4;
 constexpr auto GPIO_EXP0_PIN_TOUCH_RESET = 5;
 
 bool pulse_display_reset_pins(Device* io_expander0) {
-    auto* lcd_reset_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_LCD_RESET, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* lcd_reset_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_LCD_RESET, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
-    auto* touch_reset_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_TOUCH_RESET, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* touch_reset_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_TOUCH_RESET, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (lcd_reset_pin == nullptr || touch_reset_pin == nullptr) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "display_detect: failed to acquire LCD/touch reset pins on io_expander0");
         if (lcd_reset_pin != nullptr) {
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ bool pulse_display_reset_pins(Device* io_expander0) {
 
     gpio_descriptor_set_flags(lcd_reset_pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
     gpio_descriptor_set_flags(touch_reset_pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
-    gpio_descriptor_set_level(lcd_reset_pin, false);
-    gpio_descriptor_set_level(touch_reset_pin, false);
-    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
     gpio_descriptor_set_level(lcd_reset_pin, true);
     gpio_descriptor_set_level(touch_reset_pin, true);
+    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
+    gpio_descriptor_set_level(lcd_reset_pin, false);
+    gpio_descriptor_set_level(touch_reset_pin, false);
 
     gpio_descriptor_release(lcd_reset_pin);
     gpio_descriptor_release(touch_reset_pin);

Devices/m5stack-tab5/Source/devices/tab5_headphone_detect.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "tab5_headphone_detect.h"
 
 #include <tactility/device.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/log.h>
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ static void headphone_detect_callback(TimerHandle_t /*timer*/) {
         return; // Not ready yet, will retry on next tick
     }
 
-    auto* hp_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_HEADPHONE_DETECT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* hp_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_HEADPHONE_DETECT, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (!hp_pin) {
         LOG_W(TAG, "hp_detect: HP_DET pin busy");
         return;
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ static void headphone_detect_callback(TimerHandle_t /*timer*/) {
     LOG_D(TAG, "hp_detect: HP_DET=%d", (int)hp);
 
     if (!hp_detect_initialized || hp != hp_detect_last) {
-        auto* spk_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_SPEAKER_ENABLE, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+        auto* spk_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_SPEAKER_ENABLE, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
         if (!spk_pin) {
             LOG_W(TAG, "hp_detect: SPK_EN pin busy, will retry");
             return;

Devices/m5stack-tab5/Source/devices/tab5_power_control.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/power_supply.h>
 #include <tactility/log.h>
@@ -51,15 +52,12 @@ static error_t ps_set_allowed_to_charge(Device* device, bool allowed) {
     auto* internal = static_cast<Tab5PowerControlInternal*>(device_get_driver_data(device));
     auto* io_expander1 = device_get_parent(device);
 
-    auto* pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander1, GPIO_EXP1_PIN_IP2326_CHG_EN, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander1, GPIO_EXP1_PIN_IP2326_CHG_EN, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (pin == nullptr) {
         LOG_W(TAG, "Failed to acquire CHG_EN pin");
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
-    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_flags(pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
+    auto error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(pin, allowed);
-    if (error == ERROR_NONE) {
-        error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(pin, allowed);
-    }
     gpio_descriptor_release(pin);
     if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
         LOG_W(TAG, "Failed to set CHG_EN pin");
@@ -83,15 +81,12 @@ static error_t ps_set_quick_charge_enabled(Device* device, bool enabled) {
     auto* internal = static_cast<Tab5PowerControlInternal*>(device_get_driver_data(device));
     auto* io_expander1 = device_get_parent(device);
 
-    auto* pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander1, GPIO_EXP1_PIN_IP2326_NCHG_QC_EN, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander1, GPIO_EXP1_PIN_IP2326_NCHG_QC_EN, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (pin == nullptr) {
         LOG_W(TAG, "Failed to acquire nCHG_QC_EN pin");
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
-    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_flags(pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
+    auto error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(pin, !enabled); // active-low
-    if (error == ERROR_NONE) {
-        error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(pin, !enabled); // active-low
-    }
     gpio_descriptor_release(pin);
     if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
         LOG_W(TAG, "Failed to set nCHG_QC_EN pin");
@@ -108,7 +103,7 @@ static bool ps_supports_power_off(Device*) {
 
 static error_t ps_power_off(Device* device) {
     auto* io_expander1 = device_get_parent(device);
-    auto* pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander1, GPIO_EXP1_PIN_DEVICE_POWER, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander1, GPIO_EXP1_PIN_DEVICE_POWER, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (pin == nullptr) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire DEVICE_POWER pin");
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
@@ -153,9 +148,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     // as an idle-low output up front so it's in a known state (previously done by Configuration.cpp's
     // initExpander1(), now owned here - see that function's comment for why it no longer touches it).
     auto* io_expander1 = device_get_parent(device);
-    auto* device_power_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander1, GPIO_EXP1_PIN_DEVICE_POWER, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* device_power_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander1, GPIO_EXP1_PIN_DEVICE_POWER, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (device_power_pin != nullptr) {
-        gpio_descriptor_set_flags(device_power_pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
         gpio_descriptor_set_level(device_power_pin, false);
         gpio_descriptor_release(device_power_pin);
     } else {

Devices/m5stack-tab5/Source/module.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include <tactility/module.h>
+
 #include <tactility/check.h>
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/device_listener.h>
@@ -25,14 +26,11 @@ constexpr auto GPIO_EXP0_PIN_HEADPHONE_DETECT = 7;
 static void tab5_init_expander0(Device* io_expander0) {
     // Speaker and heapdhone pins are managed at runtime, so we can't have them as a hog in the dts file
     // We have to init them manually.
-    auto* speaker_enable_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_SPEAKER_ENABLE, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* speaker_enable_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_SPEAKER_ENABLE, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     check(speaker_enable_pin);
-    auto* headphone_detect_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_HEADPHONE_DETECT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* headphone_detect_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_HEADPHONE_DETECT, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     check(headphone_detect_pin);
 
-    gpio_descriptor_set_flags(speaker_enable_pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
-    gpio_descriptor_set_flags(headphone_detect_pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT);
-
     gpio_descriptor_set_level(speaker_enable_pin, false);
 
     gpio_descriptor_release(speaker_enable_pin);
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ static void tab5_init_expander0(Device* io_expander0) {
 }
 
 static void tab5_enable_speaker_amp(Device* io_expander0) {
-    auto* speaker_enable_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_SPEAKER_ENABLE, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* speaker_enable_pin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(io_expander0, GPIO_EXP0_PIN_SPEAKER_ENABLE, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     check(speaker_enable_pin, "Failed to acquire speaker enable pin");
     error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(speaker_enable_pin, true);
     gpio_descriptor_release(speaker_enable_pin);

Devices/unphone/source/BatteryManager.cpp

@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@ bool BatteryManager::initGpioExpander() {
         return false;
     }
 
-    expanderPowerPin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(expander, expanderpin::EXPANDER_POWER, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    expanderPowerPin = gpio_descriptor_acquire(expander, expanderpin::EXPANDER_POWER, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     check(expanderPowerPin != nullptr);
-    gpio_descriptor_set_flags(expanderPowerPin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
-
     device_put(expander);
 
     return true;

Devices/unphone/source/drivers/unphone_nav_buttons.cpp

@@ -90,21 +90,19 @@ static int32_t nav_buttons_thread_main(UnphoneNavButtonsInternal* internal) {
 // region Pin acquisition
 
 static error_t acquire_button(const GpioPinSpec& pin, void (*callback)(void*), void* arg, GpioDescriptor** out_descriptor) {
-    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
-    if (descriptor == nullptr) {
-        return ERROR_RESOURCE;
-    }
-
     // Digital pull-up; the buttons pull the pin low while pressed. Listen for the release
     // (positive edge) rather than the press - if we listen to the press, these buttons can
     // generate more than one signal when held down (mirrors the original unPhone init).
     gpio_flags_t flags = GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP;
     flags = GPIO_FLAG_INTERRUPT_TO_OPTIONS(flags, GPIO_INTERRUPT_POS_EDGE);
 
-    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, flags);
+    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, flags, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
-    if (error == ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (descriptor == nullptr) {
-        error = gpio_descriptor_add_callback(descriptor, callback, arg);
+        return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
+
+    auto error = gpio_descriptor_add_callback(descriptor, callback, arg);
+
     if (error == ERROR_NONE) {
         error = gpio_descriptor_enable_interrupt(descriptor);
     }

Devices/unphone/source/drivers/unphone_power_switch.cpp

@@ -25,18 +25,12 @@ extern Module unphone_module;
 static error_t start(Device* device) {
     const auto* config = GET_CONFIG(device);
 
-    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin.gpio_controller, config->pin.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin.gpio_controller, config->pin.pin, config->pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (descriptor == nullptr) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire GPIO descriptor");
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    if (gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, config->pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT) != ERROR_NONE) {
-        LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to configure power switch pin as input");
-        gpio_descriptor_release(descriptor);
-        return ERROR_RESOURCE;
-    }
-
     gpio_num_t native_pin;
     if (gpio_descriptor_get_native_pin_number(descriptor, &native_pin) != ERROR_NONE) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Power switch pin has no native pin number");

Devices/waveshare-s3-touch-lcd-43/waveshare,s3-touch-lcd-43.dts

@@ -96,9 +96,8 @@
 		vsync-back-porch = <8>;
 		vsync-front-porch = <8>;
 		pclk-active-neg;
-		num-fbs = <2>;
+		num-fbs = <1>;
-		double-fb;
+		bounce-buffer-size-px = <4000>;
-		bounce-buffer-size-px = <8000>;
 		pin-hsync = <&gpio0 46 GPIO_FLAG_NONE>;
 		pin-vsync = <&gpio0 3 GPIO_FLAG_NONE>;
 		pin-de = <&gpio0 5 GPIO_FLAG_NONE>;

Documentation/ideas.md

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 
 ## Higher Priority
 
+- LilyGO T-Dongle S3: 1 button control, stop auto-launching web server
+- Core2: support power off via software
 - Create `#define` for empty module (for modules that fully rely on device.properties and don't define drivers or have start/stop logic)
 - Get rid of TactilityC in favour of TactilityKernel and kernel modules
 - Improve SPI kernel driver (implement read, write, transactions)

Drivers/audio-codec-module/source/audio_codec_gpio_if.c

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct GpioAdapterContext {
 
 static struct GpioAdapterContext* g_context = NULL;
 
-static struct GpioDescriptor* acquire_descriptor(int16_t gpio) {
+static struct GpioDescriptor* acquire_descriptor(int16_t gpio, gpio_flags_t flags) {
     if (g_context == NULL || gpio < 0 || (size_t) gpio >= g_context->pin_count) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -31,24 +31,31 @@ static struct GpioDescriptor* acquire_descriptor(int16_t gpio) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    struct GpioDescriptor* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(spec->gpio_controller, spec->pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    struct GpioDescriptor* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(
+        spec->gpio_controller, spec->pin, spec->flags | flags, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO
+    );
     if (descriptor != NULL) {
-        gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, spec->flags);
         g_context->descriptors[gpio] = descriptor;
     }
     return descriptor;
 }
 
 static int gpio_setup(int16_t gpio, audio_gpio_dir_t dir, audio_gpio_mode_t mode) {
-    struct GpioDescriptor* descriptor = acquire_descriptor(gpio);
+    gpio_flags_t flags = (dir == AUDIO_GPIO_DIR_OUT) ? GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT : GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT;
+    if ((mode & AUDIO_GPIO_MODE_PULL_UP) != 0) {
+        flags |= GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP;
+    }
+    if ((mode & AUDIO_GPIO_MODE_PULL_DOWN) != 0) {
+        flags |= GPIO_FLAG_PULL_DOWN;
+    }
+
+    struct GpioDescriptor* descriptor = acquire_descriptor(gpio, flags);
     if (descriptor == NULL) {
         return ESP_CODEC_DEV_NOT_FOUND;
     }
 
-    gpio_flags_t flags = GPIO_FLAG_NONE;
     gpio_descriptor_get_flags(descriptor, &flags);
     flags &= ~(GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_DOWN);
-
     flags |= (dir == AUDIO_GPIO_DIR_OUT) ? GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT : GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT;
     if ((mode & AUDIO_GPIO_MODE_PULL_UP) != 0) {
         flags |= GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP;
@@ -61,7 +68,7 @@ static int gpio_setup(int16_t gpio, audio_gpio_dir_t dir, audio_gpio_mode_t mode
 }
 
 static int gpio_set(int16_t gpio, bool high) {
-    struct GpioDescriptor* descriptor = acquire_descriptor(gpio);
+    struct GpioDescriptor* descriptor = acquire_descriptor(gpio, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
     if (descriptor == NULL) {
         return ESP_CODEC_DEV_NOT_FOUND;
     }
@@ -72,7 +79,7 @@ static int gpio_set(int16_t gpio, bool high) {
 // acquire and a legitimate low reading are indistinguishable to the caller; log so the
 // failure is at least visible.
 static bool gpio_get(int16_t gpio) {
-    struct GpioDescriptor* descriptor = acquire_descriptor(gpio);
+    struct GpioDescriptor* descriptor = acquire_descriptor(gpio, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT);
     if (descriptor == NULL) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "gpio_get: failed to acquire descriptor for pin %d", gpio);
         return false;

Drivers/aw88298-module/source/aw88298.cpp

@@ -253,15 +253,14 @@ error_t start_device(Device* device) {
     // (unlike a board Configuration.cpp initBoot() callback, which only runs after ALL
     // devicetree devices, including this one, have already started).
     if (config->reset_pin.gpio_controller != nullptr) {
-        auto* reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->reset_pin.gpio_controller, config->reset_pin.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+        auto* reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->reset_pin.gpio_controller, config->reset_pin.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
         if (reset_descriptor == nullptr) {
             LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire reset pin descriptor");
             goto cleanup;
         }
-        gpio_descriptor_set_flags(reset_descriptor, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
-        gpio_descriptor_set_level(reset_descriptor, false);
-        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
         gpio_descriptor_set_level(reset_descriptor, true);
+        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
+        gpio_descriptor_set_level(reset_descriptor, false);
         vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(50));
         gpio_descriptor_release(reset_descriptor);
     }

Drivers/aw9523b-module/source/aw9523b.cpp

@@ -69,7 +69,10 @@ static error_t set_level(GpioDescriptor* descriptor, bool high) {
     uint8_t bit = 1U << (descriptor->pin % 8U);
     uint8_t reg = portRegister(isPort1, AW9523B_REG_OUTPUT_P0, AW9523B_REG_OUTPUT_P1);
 
-    if (high) {
+    // This chip has no output polarity register: active-low must be inverted in software.
+    bool physical_high = (descriptor->flags & GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW) != 0 ? !high : high;
+
+    if (physical_high) {
         return i2c_controller_register8_set_bits(parent, address, reg, bit, portMAX_DELAY);
     } else {
         return i2c_controller_register8_reset_bits(parent, address, reg, bit, portMAX_DELAY);
@@ -90,7 +93,8 @@ static error_t get_level(GpioDescriptor* descriptor, bool* high) {
         return err;
     }
 
-    *high = (bits & bit) != 0;
+    bool physical_high = (bits & bit) != 0;
+    *high = (descriptor->flags & GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW) != 0 ? !physical_high : physical_high;
     return ERROR_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -126,6 +130,7 @@ static error_t get_flags(GpioDescriptor* descriptor, gpio_flags_t* flags) {
 
     // Config register is inverted: 0 = output, 1 = input.
     *flags = (val & bit) ? GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT : GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT;
+    *flags |= (descriptor->flags & GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW);
     return ERROR_NONE;
 }
 

Drivers/axs5106-module/bindings/axs,axs5106.yaml

@@ -35,14 +35,6 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Interrupt GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
-  interrupt-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the interrupt pin is active high
   transmit-timeout:
     type: int
     default: 100

Drivers/axs5106-module/include/drivers/axs5106.h

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ struct Axs5106Config {
     bool mirror_y;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_interrupt;
-    bool reset_active_high;
-    bool interrupt_active_high;
     // Timeout (ms) for the register-address write half of a read, and for the data-read half,
     // done as two separate I2C transactions - matches the vendor factory demo's
     // i2c_master_transmit()/i2c_master_receive() split (each with its own 100ms timeout),

Drivers/axs5106-module/source/axs5106.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 #include <drivers/axs5106.h>
+
 #include <axs5106_module.h>
 
 #include <tactility/check.h>
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
-#include <tactility/drivers/gpio_descriptor.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/i2c_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/pointer.h>
 #include <tactility/error.h>
@@ -41,16 +42,10 @@ struct Axs5106Internal {
 
 // region Driver lifecycle
 
-// Matches the vendor demo's touch_axs5106_reset(): pulse the reset pin active for 10ms, then
+static error_t reset_pulse(GpioDescriptor* descriptor) {
-// release it for 10ms before any I2C traffic. No separate init step follows - the vendor demo's
+    bool ok = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, true) == ERROR_NONE;
-// touch_axs5106_init() is a no-op too.
-static error_t reset_pulse(GpioDescriptor* descriptor, bool active_high) {
-    bool idle_level = !active_high;
-
-    bool ok = gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) == ERROR_NONE;
-    ok = ok && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, active_high) == ERROR_NONE;
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
-    ok = ok && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, idle_level) == ERROR_NONE;
+    ok = ok && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, false) == ERROR_NONE;
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
 
     return ok ? ERROR_NONE : ERROR_RESOURCE;
@@ -73,14 +68,14 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     internal->point_count = 0;
 
     if (config->pin_reset.gpio_controller != nullptr) {
-        internal->reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+        internal->reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
         if (internal->reset_descriptor == nullptr) {
             LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire reset pin");
             free(internal);
             return ERROR_RESOURCE;
         }
 
-        if (reset_pulse(internal->reset_descriptor, config->reset_active_high) != ERROR_NONE) {
+        if (reset_pulse(internal->reset_descriptor) != ERROR_NONE) {
             LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to pulse reset pin");
             gpio_descriptor_release(internal->reset_descriptor);
             free(internal);

Drivers/button-control-module/source/button_control.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 #include <drivers/button_control.h>
+
 #include <button_control_module.h>
 
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/keyboard.h>
 #include <tactility/error.h>
@@ -72,18 +74,12 @@ static error_t acquire_button(const GpioPinSpec& pin, uint32_t short_press_key,
         return ERROR_NONE;
     }
 
-    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (descriptor == nullptr) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire GPIO descriptor");
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    if (gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT) != ERROR_NONE) {
-        LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to configure GPIO as input");
-        gpio_descriptor_release(descriptor);
-        return ERROR_RESOURCE;
-    }
-
     *out_state = {
         .descriptor = descriptor,
         .in_use = true,

Drivers/cst328-module/bindings/hynitron,cst328.yaml

@@ -26,7 +26,3 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Optional reset GPIO pin. Falls back to a software reset command if not set.
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high

Drivers/cst328-module/include/drivers/cst328.h

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ struct Cst328Config {
     bool mirror_x;
     bool mirror_y;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

Drivers/cst328-module/source/cst328.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 #include <drivers/cst328.h>
+
 #include <cst328_module.h>
 
 #include <tactility/check.h>
 #include <tactility/delay.h>
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/i2c_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/pointer.h>
@@ -55,12 +57,11 @@ static bool query(Device* i2c, uint8_t address, uint8_t b0, uint8_t b1, uint8_t*
 // chip's own software reset command instead.
 static void perform_reset(Device* i2c, uint8_t address, const Cst328Config* config) {
     if (config->pin_reset.gpio_controller != nullptr) {
-        auto* rst = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+        auto* rst = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
         if (rst != nullptr) {
-            gpio_descriptor_set_flags(rst, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
+            gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, true);
-            gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, config->reset_active_high);
             delay_millis(100);
-            gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, !config->reset_active_high);
+            gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, false);
             gpio_descriptor_release(rst);
             delay_millis(100);
             return;

Drivers/cst66xx-module/bindings/hynitron,cst66xx.yaml

@@ -35,7 +35,3 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     required: true
     description: Reset GPIO pin. The chip only re-initializes into normal reporting mode after a clean reset pulse.
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high

Drivers/cst66xx-module/include/drivers/cst66xx.h

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ struct Cst66xxConfig {
     bool mirror_x;
     bool mirror_y;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

Drivers/cst66xx-module/source/cst66xx.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 #include <drivers/cst66xx.h>
+
 #include <cst66xx_module.h>
 
 #include <tactility/check.h>
 #include <tactility/delay.h>
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
-#include <tactility/drivers/gpio_descriptor.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/i2c_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/pointer.h>
 #include <tactility/error.h>
@@ -61,15 +62,18 @@ static void perform_hardware_reset(const Cst66xxConfig* config) {
         return;
     }
 
-    auto* rst = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    // Not requesting GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW here: some GPIO expanders (e.g. xl9555/tca95xx/
+    // tca9534) can only invert what's read back from an input, not what's driven on an
+    // output, so they reject ACTIVE_LOW combined with OUTPUT. Drive the raw physical level
+    // instead: this pin's reset line is active-low, so low asserts and high releases.
+    auto* rst = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (rst == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
 
-    gpio_descriptor_set_flags(rst, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
+    gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, false);
-    gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, config->reset_active_high);
     delay_millis(10);
-    gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, !config->reset_active_high);
+    gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, true);
     gpio_descriptor_release(rst);
     // The reset pulse exits boot mode; give the controller time to re-init.
     delay_millis(80);

Drivers/cst816s-module/bindings/hynitron,cst816s.yaml

@@ -35,11 +35,3 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Interrupt GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
-  interrupt-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the interrupt pin is active high

Drivers/cst816s-module/include/drivers/cst816s.h

@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ struct Cst816sConfig {
     bool mirror_y;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_interrupt;
-    bool reset_active_high;
-    bool interrupt_active_high;
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

Drivers/cst816s-module/source/cst816s.cpp

@@ -75,9 +75,10 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .y_max = config->y_max,
         .rst_gpio_num = pin_or_nc(config->pin_reset),
         .int_gpio_num = pin_or_nc(config->pin_interrupt),
+        // CST816S's reset and interrupt lines are both fixed active-low in hardware.
         .levels = {
-            .reset = config->reset_active_high ? 1u : 0u,
+            .reset = 0u,
-            .interrupt = config->interrupt_active_high ? 1u : 0u,
+            .interrupt = 0u,
         },
         .flags = {
             .swap_xy = config->swap_xy ? 1u : 0u,

Drivers/cst816t-module/bindings/hynitron,cst816t.yaml

@@ -35,11 +35,3 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Interrupt GPIO pin (currently unused - reads are polled via read_data())
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
-  interrupt-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the interrupt pin is active high

Drivers/cst816t-module/include/drivers/cst816t.h

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ struct Cst816tConfig {
     bool mirror_y;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_interrupt;
-    bool reset_active_high;
-    bool interrupt_active_high;
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

Drivers/cst816t-module/source/cst816t.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 #include <drivers/cst816t.h>
+
 #include <cst816t_module.h>
 
 #include <tactility/check.h>
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
-#include <tactility/drivers/gpio_descriptor.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/i2c_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/pointer.h>
 #include <tactility/error.h>
@@ -44,15 +45,12 @@ struct Cst816tInternal {
 // Timings match the reference driver linked above: it holds RST high for 100ms (well past the
 // datasheet's Tpor/Tron minimum of 100ms), pulses it low for 10ms (Trst minimum is 0.1ms), then
 // waits another 100ms (Tron) for the chip to finish reinitializing before any I2C traffic.
-static error_t reset_pulse(GpioDescriptor* descriptor, bool active_high) {
+static error_t reset_pulse(GpioDescriptor* descriptor) {
-    bool idle_level = !active_high;
+    bool ok = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, false) == ERROR_NONE;
-
-    bool ok = gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) == ERROR_NONE;
-    ok = ok && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, idle_level) == ERROR_NONE;
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
-    ok = ok && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, active_high) == ERROR_NONE;
+    ok = ok && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, true) == ERROR_NONE;
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
-    ok = ok && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, idle_level) == ERROR_NONE;
+    ok = ok && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, false) == ERROR_NONE;
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
 
     return ok ? ERROR_NONE : ERROR_RESOURCE;
@@ -77,14 +75,14 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     internal->y = 0;
 
     if (config->pin_reset.gpio_controller != nullptr) {
-        internal->reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+        internal->reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
         if (internal->reset_descriptor == nullptr) {
             LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire reset pin");
             free(internal);
             return ERROR_RESOURCE;
         }
 
-        if (reset_pulse(internal->reset_descriptor, config->reset_active_high) != ERROR_NONE) {
+        if (reset_pulse(internal->reset_descriptor) != ERROR_NONE) {
             LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to pulse reset pin");
             gpio_descriptor_release(internal->reset_descriptor);
             free(internal);

Drivers/ft5x06-module/bindings/focaltech,ft5x06.yaml

@@ -35,11 +35,3 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Interrupt GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
-  interrupt-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the interrupt pin is active high

Drivers/ft5x06-module/include/drivers/ft5x06.h

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ struct Ft5x06Config {
     bool mirror_y;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_interrupt;
-    bool reset_active_high;
-    bool interrupt_active_high;
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

Drivers/ft5x06-module/source/ft5x06.cpp

@@ -36,30 +36,26 @@ struct Ft5x06Internal {
     // over as if it were one (the previous pin_or_nc() behavior below) silently toggles the wrong,
     // unrelated physical pin whenever pin_reset actually points at an I2C expander.
     GpioDescriptor* reset_descriptor;
-    bool reset_active_high;
 };
 
 // Only valid for pin_interrupt: esp_lcd_touch only ever reads this pin's level / attaches an ISR
 // to it, both of which esp_lcd_touch performs via ESP-IDF's native gpio_* calls, so - like
 // ili9341-module's cs/dc pins - it must be a real ESP32 GPIO. pin_reset has no such requirement and
 // must never go through this helper; see pulse_reset() instead.
-static inline gpio_num_t pin_or_nc(const struct GpioPinSpec& pin) {
+static inline gpio_num_t pin_or_nc(const GpioPinSpec& pin) {
     return pin.gpio_controller == nullptr ? GPIO_NUM_NC : static_cast<gpio_num_t>(pin.pin);
 }
 
-// See esp_lcd_ili9341-module's pulse_reset() for the full rationale; same idea, same 10ms/10ms
+static error_t pulse_reset(GpioDescriptor* descriptor) {
-// timing (matches esp_lcd_touch_ft5x06's own touch_ft5x06_reset()). esp_lcd_touch's rst_gpio_num is
-// always left at GPIO_NUM_NC (see start()), under which it just skips its own reset step entirely.
-static error_t pulse_reset(GpioDescriptor* descriptor, bool active_high) {
     if (descriptor == nullptr) {
         return ERROR_NONE;
     }
-    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, active_high);
+    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, true);
     if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
         return error;
     }
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
-    error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, !active_high);
+    error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, false);
     if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
         return error;
     }
@@ -101,20 +97,13 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     }
 
     internal->reset_descriptor = nullptr;
-    internal->reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high;
     if (config->pin_reset.gpio_controller != nullptr) {
-        internal->reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+        internal->reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
         if (internal->reset_descriptor == nullptr) {
             LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire reset GPIO descriptor");
             free(internal);
             return ERROR_RESOURCE;
         }
-        if (gpio_descriptor_set_flags(internal->reset_descriptor, config->pin_reset.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) != ERROR_NONE) {
-            LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to configure reset pin as output");
-            gpio_descriptor_release(internal->reset_descriptor);
-            free(internal);
-            return ERROR_RESOURCE;
-        }
     }
 
     esp_err_t ret = create_io_handle(parent, &internal->io_handle);
@@ -126,7 +115,7 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    if (pulse_reset(internal->reset_descriptor, internal->reset_active_high) != ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (pulse_reset(internal->reset_descriptor) != ERROR_NONE) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to pulse reset pin");
         esp_lcd_panel_io_del(internal->io_handle);
         if (internal->reset_descriptor != nullptr) {
@@ -143,9 +132,10 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         // why); esp_lcd_touch just skips its own no-op reset step when this is NC.
         .rst_gpio_num = GPIO_NUM_NC,
         .int_gpio_num = pin_or_nc(config->pin_interrupt),
+        // FT5x06's reset and interrupt lines are both fixed active-low in hardware.
         .levels = {
-            .reset = config->reset_active_high ? 1u : 0u,
+            .reset = 0u,
-            .interrupt = config->interrupt_active_high ? 1u : 0u,
+            .interrupt = 0u,
         },
         .flags = {
             .swap_xy = config->swap_xy ? 1u : 0u,

Drivers/ft6x36-module/bindings/focaltech,ft6x36.yaml

@@ -35,11 +35,3 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Interrupt GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
-  interrupt-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the interrupt pin is active high

Drivers/ft6x36-module/include/drivers/ft6x36.h

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ struct Ft6x36Config {
     bool mirror_y;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_interrupt;
-    bool reset_active_high;
-    bool interrupt_active_high;
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

Drivers/ft6x36-module/source/ft6x36.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 #include <drivers/ft6x36.h>
+
 #include <ft6x36_module.h>
 
 #include <tactility/check.h>
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/esp32_i2c.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/esp32_i2c_master.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/i2c_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/pointer.h>
@@ -30,13 +32,7 @@ struct Ft6x36Internal {
     esp_lcd_panel_io_handle_t io_handle;
     esp_lcd_touch_handle_t touch_handle;
     // Non-null when pin_reset is configured. Owned/pulsed by this driver instead of esp_lcd_touch
-    // (see pulse_reset() below) so the reset pin can live on any GPIO_CONTROLLER, not just native
-    // gpio0 - esp_lcd_touch's rst_gpio_num only accepts a native ESP32 GPIO number (it calls
-    // gpio_set_level() directly), and just reading a GpioPinSpec's raw pin index and handing it
-    // over as if it were one (the previous pin_or_nc() behavior below) silently toggles the wrong,
-    // unrelated physical pin whenever pin_reset actually points at an I2C expander.
     GpioDescriptor* reset_descriptor;
-    bool reset_active_high;
 };
 
 // Only valid for pin_interrupt: esp_lcd_touch only ever reads this pin's level / attaches an ISR
@@ -50,16 +46,18 @@ static inline gpio_num_t pin_or_nc(const struct GpioPinSpec& pin) {
 // See ili9341-module's pulse_reset() for the full rationale; same idea, same 10ms/10ms timing.
 // esp_lcd_touch's rst_gpio_num is always left at GPIO_NUM_NC (see start()), under which it just
 // skips its own reset step entirely.
-static error_t pulse_reset(GpioDescriptor* descriptor, bool active_high) {
+static error_t pulse_reset(GpioDescriptor* descriptor) {
     if (descriptor == nullptr) {
         return ERROR_NONE;
     }
-    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, active_high);
+    // Logical high (physical low, because of earlier GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW)
+    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, true);
     if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
         return error;
     }
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(50));
-    error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, !active_high);
+    // Logical low (physical high, because of earlier GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW)
+    error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, false);
     if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
         return error;
     }
@@ -101,20 +99,13 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     }
 
     internal->reset_descriptor = nullptr;
-    internal->reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high;
     if (config->pin_reset.gpio_controller != nullptr) {
-        internal->reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+        internal->reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
         if (internal->reset_descriptor == nullptr) {
             LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire reset GPIO descriptor");
             free(internal);
             return ERROR_RESOURCE;
         }
-        if (gpio_descriptor_set_flags(internal->reset_descriptor, config->pin_reset.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) != ERROR_NONE) {
-            LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to configure reset pin as output");
-            gpio_descriptor_release(internal->reset_descriptor);
-            free(internal);
-            return ERROR_RESOURCE;
-        }
     }
 
     esp_err_t ret = create_io_handle(parent, &internal->io_handle);
@@ -126,7 +117,7 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    if (pulse_reset(internal->reset_descriptor, internal->reset_active_high) != ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (pulse_reset(internal->reset_descriptor) != ERROR_NONE) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to pulse reset pin");
         esp_lcd_panel_io_del(internal->io_handle);
         if (internal->reset_descriptor != nullptr) {
@@ -143,9 +134,10 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         // why); esp_lcd_touch just skips its own no-op reset step when this is NC.
         .rst_gpio_num = GPIO_NUM_NC,
         .int_gpio_num = pin_or_nc(config->pin_interrupt),
+        // FT6x36's reset and interrupt lines are both fixed active-low in hardware.
         .levels = {
-            .reset = config->reset_active_high ? 1u : 0u,
+            .reset = 0u,
-            .interrupt = config->interrupt_active_high ? 1u : 0u,
+            .interrupt = 0u,
         },
         .flags = {
             .swap_xy = config->swap_xy ? 1u : 0u,

Drivers/gc9a01-module/bindings/galaxycore,gc9a01.yaml

@@ -57,10 +57,6 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   backlight:
     type: phandle
     default: "NULL"

Drivers/gc9a01-module/include/drivers/gc9a01.h

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ struct Gc9a01Config {
     uint8_t transaction_queue_depth;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_dc;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
     // Optional reference to this display's backlight device, NULL if none.
     struct Device* backlight;
 };

Drivers/gc9a01-module/source/gc9a01.cpp

@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = config->bgr_order ? LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_BGR : LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = 16,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // GC9A01's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = nullptr,
     };
 

Drivers/gt911-module/bindings/goodix,gt911.yaml

@@ -35,11 +35,3 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Interrupt GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
-  interrupt-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the interrupt pin is active high

Drivers/gt911-module/include/drivers/gt911.h

@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ struct Gt911Config {
     bool mirror_y;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_interrupt;
-    bool reset_active_high;
-    bool interrupt_active_high;
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

Drivers/gt911-module/source/gt911.cpp

@@ -84,9 +84,10 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .y_max = config->y_max,
         .rst_gpio_num = pin_or_nc(config->pin_reset),
         .int_gpio_num = pin_or_nc(config->pin_interrupt),
+        // GT911's reset and interrupt lines are both fixed active-low in hardware.
         .levels = {
-            .reset = config->reset_active_high ? 1u : 0u,
+            .reset = 0u,
-            .interrupt = config->interrupt_active_high ? 1u : 0u,
+            .interrupt = 0u,
         },
         .flags = {
             .swap_xy = config->swap_xy ? 1u : 0u,

Drivers/hx8357-module/bindings/himax,hx8357.yaml

@@ -54,10 +54,6 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   backlight:
     type: phandle
     default: "NULL"

Drivers/hx8357-module/include/drivers/hx8357.h

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ struct Hx8357Config {
     uint32_t pixel_clock_hz;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_dc;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
     // Optional reference to this display's backlight device, NULL if none.
     struct Device* backlight;
 };

Drivers/hx8357-module/source/hx8357.cpp

@@ -264,9 +264,10 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
             free(internal);
             return ERROR_RESOURCE;
         }
-        gpio_set_level(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(reset_pin), config->reset_active_high ? 1 : 0);
+        // HX8357's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        gpio_set_level(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(reset_pin), 0);
         vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
-        gpio_set_level(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(reset_pin), config->reset_active_high ? 0 : 1);
+        gpio_set_level(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(reset_pin), 1);
         vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(120));
     }
 

Drivers/ili9341-module/source/ili9341.cpp

@@ -71,16 +71,16 @@ static int pin_or_unused(const struct GpioPinSpec& pin) {
 // start()), which makes it fall back to sending a SWRESET command instead - itself a valid and
 // commonly-recommended reset path, so this pulse plus that fallback is redundant-safe, not harmful.
 // Timing (10ms low, 10ms recovery) matches esp_lcd_ili9341's own hardware-reset path exactly.
-static error_t pulse_reset(GpioDescriptor* descriptor, bool active_high) {
+static error_t pulse_reset(GpioDescriptor* descriptor) {
     if (descriptor == nullptr) {
         return ERROR_NONE;
     }
-    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, active_high);
+    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, true);
     if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
         return error;
     }
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
-    error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, !active_high);
+    error = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, false);
     if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
         return error;
     }
@@ -117,20 +117,13 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     internal->reset_descriptor = nullptr;
     internal->reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high;
     if (config->pin_reset.gpio_controller != nullptr) {
-        internal->reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+        internal->reset_descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
         if (internal->reset_descriptor == nullptr) {
             LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire reset GPIO descriptor");
             vSemaphoreDelete(internal->draw_done_semaphore);
             free(internal);
             return ERROR_RESOURCE;
         }
-        if (gpio_descriptor_set_flags(internal->reset_descriptor, config->pin_reset.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) != ERROR_NONE) {
-            LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to configure reset pin as output");
-            gpio_descriptor_release(internal->reset_descriptor);
-            vSemaphoreDelete(internal->draw_done_semaphore);
-            free(internal);
-            return ERROR_RESOURCE;
-        }
     }
 
     esp_lcd_panel_io_spi_config_t io_config = {
@@ -195,7 +188,7 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     // Every failure path below must clean up fully: unlike stop_device, this is never retried by the kernel
     // if start_device fails (see device_start() in TactilityKernel), so a partial failure here would leak.
     bool ok =
-        pulse_reset(internal->reset_descriptor, internal->reset_active_high) == ERROR_NONE &&
+        pulse_reset(internal->reset_descriptor) == ERROR_NONE &&
         esp_lcd_panel_reset(internal->panel_handle) == ESP_OK &&
         esp_lcd_panel_init(internal->panel_handle) == ESP_OK &&
         (!config->invert_color || esp_lcd_panel_invert_color(internal->panel_handle, true) == ESP_OK);
@@ -263,7 +256,7 @@ static error_t stop(Device* device) {
 
 static error_t ili9341_reset(Device* device) {
     auto* internal = static_cast<Ili9341Internal*>(device_get_driver_data(device));
-    error_t error = pulse_reset(internal->reset_descriptor, internal->reset_active_high);
+    error_t error = pulse_reset(internal->reset_descriptor);
     if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
         return error;
     }

Drivers/ili9488-module/bindings/ilitek,ili9488.yaml

@@ -65,10 +65,6 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   backlight:
     type: phandle
     default: "NULL"

Drivers/ili9488-module/include/drivers/ili9488.h

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ struct Ili9488Config {
     uint8_t transaction_queue_depth;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_dc;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
     // Optional reference to this display's backlight device, NULL if none.
     struct Device* backlight;
 };

Drivers/ili9488-module/source/ili9488.cpp

@@ -111,7 +111,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = config->bgr_order ? LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_BGR : LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = config->bits_per_pixel,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // ILI9488's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = nullptr,
     };
 

Drivers/ili9881c-module/bindings/ilitek,ili9881c.yaml

@@ -40,10 +40,6 @@ properties:
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin. Falls back to a software reset (sent over the DBI command
       interface) if not set.
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   ldo-channel:
     type: int
     required: true

Drivers/ili9881c-module/include/drivers/ili9881c.h

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ struct Ili9881cConfig {
     // Reset pin for the panel. GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE falls back to a software reset sent over the
     // DBI command interface (see esp_lcd_ili9881c's panel_ili9881c_reset()).
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
 
     // LDO channel powering the MIPI DSI PHY - the PHY has no power of its own until this is
     // acquired, so it must happen before the DSI bus is created. Both fields are int32_t (not

Drivers/ili9881c-module/source/ili9881c.cpp

@@ -226,7 +226,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = config->bgr_order ? LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_BGR : LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = config->bits_per_pixel,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // ILI9881C's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = &vendor_config,
     };
 

Drivers/jd9165-module/bindings/jdi,jd9165.yaml

@@ -39,10 +39,6 @@ properties:
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin. Falls back to a software reset (sent over the DBI command
       interface) if not set.
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   ldo-channel:
     type: int
     required: true

Drivers/jd9165-module/include/drivers/jd9165.h

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ struct Jd9165Config {
     // Reset pin for the panel. GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE falls back to a software reset sent over the
     // DBI command interface (see esp_lcd_jd9165's panel_jd9165_reset()).
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
 
     // LDO channel powering the MIPI DSI PHY - the PHY has no power of its own until this is
     // acquired, so it must happen before the DSI bus is created. Both fields are int32_t (not

Drivers/jd9165-module/source/jd9165.cpp

@@ -225,7 +225,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = config->bgr_order ? LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_BGR : LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = config->bits_per_pixel,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // JD9165's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = &vendor_config,
     };
 

Drivers/jd9853-module/bindings/jadard,jd9853.yaml

@@ -63,10 +63,6 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   backlight:
     type: phandle
     default: "NULL"

Drivers/jd9853-module/include/drivers/jd9853.h

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ struct Jd9853Config {
     uint8_t gamma_curve;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_dc;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
     // Optional reference to this display's backlight device, NULL if none.
     struct Device* backlight;
 };

Drivers/jd9853-module/source/jd9853.cpp

@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = config->bgr_order ? LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_BGR : LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = 16,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // JD9853's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = &vendor_config,
     };
 

Drivers/lilygo-module/source/tdeck_trackball.cpp

@@ -57,18 +57,15 @@ static void on_click(void* arg) {
 // region Pin acquisition
 
 static error_t acquire_pin(const GpioPinSpec& spec, GpioInterruptType interrupt_type, void (*callback)(void*), void* arg, GpioDescriptor** out_descriptor) {
-    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(spec.gpio_controller, spec.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    gpio_flags_t flags = GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP;
+    flags = GPIO_FLAG_INTERRUPT_TO_OPTIONS(flags, interrupt_type);
+
+    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(spec.gpio_controller, spec.pin, flags, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (descriptor == nullptr) {
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    gpio_flags_t flags = GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP;
+    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_add_callback(descriptor, callback, arg);
-    flags = GPIO_FLAG_INTERRUPT_TO_OPTIONS(flags, interrupt_type);
-
-    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, flags);
-    if (error == ERROR_NONE) {
-        error = gpio_descriptor_add_callback(descriptor, callback, arg);
-    }
     if (error == ERROR_NONE) {
         error = gpio_descriptor_enable_interrupt(descriptor);
     }

Drivers/lilygo-module/source/tpager_encoder.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_descriptor.h>
 #include <tactility/log.h>
@@ -33,14 +34,7 @@ static error_t read_delta(Device* device, int32_t* out_pulses) {
 
 static error_t get_button_pressed(Device* device, bool* out_pressed) {
     auto* internal = GET_INTERNAL(device);
-    bool high = true;
+    return gpio_descriptor_get_level(internal->pin_enter, out_pressed);
-    error_t error = gpio_descriptor_get_level(internal->pin_enter, &high);
-    if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
-        return error;
-    }
-    // Active low: pressed when level is low.
-    *out_pressed = !high;
-    return ERROR_NONE;
 }
 
 error_t tpager_encoder_read_delta(Device* device, int32_t* out_pulses) {
@@ -148,7 +142,7 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         return error;
     }
 
-    internal->pin_enter = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_enter.gpio_controller, config->pin_enter.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    internal->pin_enter = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_enter.gpio_controller, config->pin_enter.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (internal->pin_enter == nullptr) {
         pcnt_unit_stop(internal->pcnt_unit);
         pcnt_del_unit(internal->pcnt_unit);
@@ -156,15 +150,6 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    error = gpio_descriptor_set_flags(internal->pin_enter, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT);
-    if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
-        gpio_descriptor_release(internal->pin_enter);
-        pcnt_unit_stop(internal->pcnt_unit);
-        pcnt_del_unit(internal->pcnt_unit);
-        delete internal;
-        return error;
-    }
-
     device_set_driver_data(device, internal);
     return ERROR_NONE;
 }

Drivers/m5stack-module/source/cardputer_keyboard.cpp

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 // Matrix-scan and keymap logic ported from the M5Stack Cardputer keyboard driver at
 // https://github.com/m5stack/M5Cardputer-UserDemo/tree/main/main/hal/keyboard (MIT licensed).
 #include <drivers/cardputer_keyboard.h>
+
 #include <m5stack_module.h>
 
 #include <tactility/check.h>
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/keyboard.h>
 #include <tactility/error.h>
@@ -120,11 +122,7 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
 
     for (int i = 0; i < CARDPUTER_OUTPUT_COUNT; i++) {
         const auto& pin = config->pins_output[i];
-        auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+        auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
-        if (descriptor != nullptr && gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) != ERROR_NONE) {
-            gpio_descriptor_release(descriptor);
-            descriptor = nullptr;
-        }
         if (descriptor == nullptr) {
             LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to configure output pin %d", i);
             for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
@@ -141,8 +139,9 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         const auto& pin = config->pins_input[i];
         // Rows float high and are pulled low through a pressed key by the active output line,
         // so an internal pull-up is required regardless of what the devicetree pin flags say.
-        auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+        auto flags = pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP;
-        if (descriptor == nullptr || gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, pin.flags | GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP) != ERROR_NONE) {
+        auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(pin.gpio_controller, pin.pin, flags, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+        if (descriptor == nullptr) {
             LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to configure input pin %d", i);
             for (int j = 0; j < CARDPUTER_OUTPUT_COUNT; j++) {
                 gpio_descriptor_release(internal->output_descriptors[j]);

Drivers/pi4ioe5v6408-module/source/pi4ioe5v6408.cpp

@@ -47,7 +47,10 @@ static error_t set_level(GpioDescriptor* descriptor, bool high) {
     auto address = GET_CONFIG(device)->address;
     uint8_t bit = 1 << descriptor->pin;
 
-    if (high) {
+    // This chip has no output polarity register: active-low must be inverted in software.
+    bool physical_high = (descriptor->flags & GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW) != 0 ? !high : high;
+
+    if (physical_high) {
         return i2c_controller_register8_set_bits(parent, address, PI4_REGISTER_OUTPUT_LEVEL, bit, portMAX_DELAY);
     } else {
         return i2c_controller_register8_reset_bits(parent, address, PI4_REGISTER_OUTPUT_LEVEL, bit, portMAX_DELAY);
@@ -65,7 +68,8 @@ static error_t get_level(GpioDescriptor* descriptor, bool* high) {
         return err;
     }
 
-    *high = (bits & (1 << descriptor->pin)) != 0;
+    bool physical_high = (bits & (1 << descriptor->pin)) != 0;
+    *high = (descriptor->flags & GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW) != 0 ? !physical_high : physical_high;
     return ERROR_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -161,6 +165,8 @@ static error_t get_flags(GpioDescriptor* descriptor, gpio_flags_t* flags) {
         f |= GPIO_FLAG_HIGH_IMPEDANCE;
     }
 
+    f |= (descriptor->flags & GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW);
+
     *flags = f;
     return ERROR_NONE;
 }

Drivers/rgb-display-module/source/rgb_display.cpp

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/display.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
-#include <tactility/drivers/gpio_descriptor.h>
 #include <tactility/error.h>
 #include <tactility/log.h>
 
@@ -70,17 +70,16 @@ static error_t perform_hardware_reset(const RgbDisplayConfig* config) {
         return ERROR_NONE;
     }
 
-    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    auto* descriptor = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (descriptor == nullptr) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire reset GPIO descriptor");
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    bool ok = gpio_descriptor_set_flags(descriptor, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) == ERROR_NONE;
+    bool ok = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, true) == ERROR_NONE;
-    ok = ok && gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, config->reset_active_high) == ERROR_NONE;
     if (ok) {
         delay_millis(100);
-        ok = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, !config->reset_active_high) == ERROR_NONE;
+        ok = gpio_descriptor_set_level(descriptor, false) == ERROR_NONE;
         delay_millis(10);
     }
 

Drivers/ssd1306-module/bindings/solomon,ssd1306.yaml

@@ -23,10 +23,6 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   power-on-delay-ms:
     type: int
     default: 0

Drivers/ssd1306-module/include/drivers/ssd1306.h

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ struct Ssd1306Config {
 
     // Reset pin. GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE skips the reset toggle entirely.
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
 
     // See the 'power-on-delay-ms' binding property.
     uint32_t power_on_delay_ms;

Drivers/ssd1306-module/source/ssd1306.cpp

@@ -119,9 +119,10 @@ static void perform_hardware_reset(const Ssd1306Config* config) {
     };
     gpio_config(&io_conf);
 
-    gpio_set_level(pin, config->reset_active_high ? 1 : 0);
+    // SSD1306's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+    gpio_set_level(pin, 0);
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
-    gpio_set_level(pin, config->reset_active_high ? 0 : 1);
+    gpio_set_level(pin, 1);
     vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
 }
 

Drivers/st7123-module/bindings/sitronix,st7123-touch.yaml

@@ -37,11 +37,3 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Interrupt GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
-  interrupt-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the interrupt pin is active high

Drivers/st7123-module/bindings/sitronix,st7123.yaml

@@ -40,10 +40,6 @@ properties:
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin. Falls back to a software reset (sent over the DBI command
       interface) if not set.
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   ldo-channel:
     type: int
     required: true

Drivers/st7123-module/include/drivers/st7123.h

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ struct St7123Config {
     // Reset pin for the panel. GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE falls back to a software reset sent over the
     // DBI command interface (see esp_lcd_st7123's panel_st7123_reset()).
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
 
     // LDO channel powering the MIPI DSI PHY - the PHY has no power of its own until this is
     // acquired, so it must happen before the DSI bus is created. Both fields are int32_t (not

Drivers/st7123-module/include/drivers/st7123_touch.h

@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ struct St7123TouchConfig {
     // for parity with the other touch drivers (e.g. gt911-module) in case a board wires it directly.
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_interrupt;
-    bool reset_active_high;
-    bool interrupt_active_high;
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

Drivers/st7123-module/source/st7123.cpp

@@ -225,7 +225,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = config->bgr_order ? LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_BGR : LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = config->bits_per_pixel,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // ST7123's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = &vendor_config,
     };
 

Drivers/st7123-module/source/st7123_touch.cpp

@@ -75,9 +75,10 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .y_max = config->y_max,
         .rst_gpio_num = pin_or_nc(config->pin_reset),
         .int_gpio_num = pin_or_nc(config->pin_interrupt),
+        // ST7123's reset and interrupt lines are both fixed active-low in hardware.
         .levels = {
-            .reset = config->reset_active_high ? 1u : 0u,
+            .reset = 0u,
-            .interrupt = config->interrupt_active_high ? 1u : 0u,
+            .interrupt = 0u,
         },
         .flags = {
             .swap_xy = config->swap_xy ? 1u : 0u,

Drivers/st7701-module/bindings/sitronix,st7701.yaml

@@ -233,10 +233,6 @@ properties:
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Optional hardware reset pin for the panel. Falls back to a software reset
       (sent over the 3-wire bus) if not set.
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   mirror-by-cmd:
     type: boolean
     default: false

Drivers/st7701-module/include/drivers/st7701.h

@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ struct St7701Config {
     // Optional hardware reset pin for the panel. GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE falls back to a software
     // reset sent over the 3-wire bus (see esp_lcd_st7701's panel_st7701_reset()).
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
 
     // See the 'mirror-by-cmd' and 'auto-del-panel-io' binding properties.
     bool mirror_by_cmd;

Drivers/st7701-module/source/st7701.cpp

@@ -238,7 +238,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = config->bits_per_pixel,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // ST7701's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = &vendor_config,
     };
 

Drivers/st7735-module/bindings/sitronix,st7735.yaml

@@ -67,10 +67,6 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   backlight:
     type: phandle
     default: "NULL"

Drivers/st7735-module/include/drivers/st7735.h

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ struct St7735Config {
     uint8_t gamma_curve;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_dc;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
     // Optional reference to this display's backlight device, NULL if none.
     struct Device* backlight;
 };

Drivers/st7735-module/source/st7735.cpp

@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = config->bgr_order ? LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_BGR : LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = config->bits_per_pixel,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // ST7735's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = nullptr,
     };
 

Drivers/st7789-i8080-module/bindings/sitronix,st7789-i8080.yaml

@@ -59,10 +59,6 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   backlight:
     type: phandle
     default: "NULL"

Drivers/st7789-i8080-module/include/drivers/st7789_i8080.h

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ struct St7789I8080Config {
     // Gamma curve preset index [0,3], sent via the MIPI DCS GAMSET (0x26) command at bring-up.
     uint8_t gamma_curve;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
     // Optional reference to this display's backlight device, NULL if none.
     struct Device* backlight;
 };

Drivers/st7789-i8080-module/source/st7789_i8080.cpp

@@ -148,7 +148,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = config->bgr_order ? LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_BGR : LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = 16,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // ST7789's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = nullptr,
     };
 

Drivers/st7789-module/bindings/sitronix,st7789.yaml

@@ -67,10 +67,6 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   backlight:
     type: phandle
     default: "NULL"

Drivers/st7789-module/include/drivers/st7789.h

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ struct St7789Config {
     uint8_t gamma_curve;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_dc;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
     // Optional reference to this display's backlight device, NULL if none.
     struct Device* backlight;
 };

Drivers/st7789-module/source/st7789.cpp

@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = config->bgr_order ? LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_BGR : LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = config->bits_per_pixel,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // ST7789's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = nullptr,
     };
 

Drivers/st7796-i8080-module/bindings/sitronix,st7796-i8080.yaml

@@ -59,10 +59,6 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   backlight:
     type: phandle
     default: "NULL"

Drivers/st7796-i8080-module/include/drivers/st7796_i8080.h

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ struct St7796I8080Config {
     // Gamma curve preset index [0,3], sent via the MIPI DCS GAMSET (0x26) command at bring-up.
     uint8_t gamma_curve;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
     // Optional reference to this display's backlight device, NULL if none.
     struct Device* backlight;
 };

Drivers/st7796-i8080-module/source/st7796_i8080.cpp

@@ -116,7 +116,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = config->bgr_order ? LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_BGR : LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = 16,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // ST7796's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = nullptr,
     };
 

Drivers/st7796-module/bindings/sitronix,st7796.yaml

@@ -67,10 +67,6 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Reset GPIO pin
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high
   backlight:
     type: phandle
     default: "NULL"

Drivers/st7796-module/include/drivers/st7796.h

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ struct St7796Config {
     uint8_t gamma_curve;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_dc;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
     // Optional reference to this display's backlight device, NULL if none.
     struct Device* backlight;
 };

Drivers/st7796-module/source/st7796.cpp

@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         .rgb_ele_order = config->bgr_order ? LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_BGR : LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_RGB,
         .data_endian = LCD_RGB_DATA_ENDIAN_LITTLE,
         .bits_per_pixel = config->bits_per_pixel,
-        .flags = { .reset_active_high = config->reset_active_high },
+        // ST7796's reset line is fixed active-low in hardware.
+        .flags = { .reset_active_high = false },
         .vendor_config = nullptr,
     };
 

Drivers/tca8418-module/bindings/ti,tca8418.yaml

@@ -68,7 +68,3 @@ properties:
     type: phandles
     default: GPIO_PIN_SPEC_NONE
     description: Optional reset GPIO pin, pulsed once at start (20 ms assert, 60 ms settle)
-  reset-active-high:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: Whether the reset pin is active high

Drivers/tca8418-module/include/drivers/tca8418.h

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ struct Tca8418Config {
     uint8_t sym_row;
     uint8_t sym_col;
     struct GpioPinSpec pin_reset;
-    bool reset_active_high;
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

Drivers/tca8418-module/source/tca8418.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 #include <drivers/tca8418.h>
+
 #include <tca8418_module.h>
 
 #include <tactility/check.h>
 #include <tactility/delay.h>
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/i2c_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/keyboard.h>
@@ -116,15 +118,18 @@ static void perform_hardware_reset(const Tca8418Config* config) {
         return;
     }
 
-    auto* rst = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    // Not requesting GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW here: some GPIO expanders (e.g. xl9555/tca95xx/
+    // tca9534) can only invert what's read back from an input, not what's driven on an
+    // output, so they reject ACTIVE_LOW combined with OUTPUT. Drive the raw physical level
+    // instead: this pin's reset line is active-low, so low asserts and high releases.
+    auto* rst = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_reset.gpio_controller, config->pin_reset.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
     if (rst == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
 
-    gpio_descriptor_set_flags(rst, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT);
+    gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, false);
-    gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, config->reset_active_high);
     delay_millis(20);
-    gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, !config->reset_active_high);
+    gpio_descriptor_set_level(rst, true);
     gpio_descriptor_release(rst);
     delay_millis(60);
 }

Drivers/xpt2046-softspi-module/source/xpt2046_softspi.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 #include <drivers/xpt2046_softspi.h>
+
 #include <xpt2046_softspi_module.h>
 
 #include <tactility/check.h>
 #include <tactility/device.h>
 #include <tactility/driver.h>
+#include <tactility/drivers/gpio.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/gpio_controller.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/pointer.h>
 #include <tactility/drivers/power_supply.h>
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <new>
 
-#define TAG "XPT2046SoftSPI"
+constexpr auto* TAG = "XPT2046SoftSPI";
 #define GET_CONFIG(device) (static_cast<const Xpt2046SoftSpiConfig*>((device)->config))
 
 // Rough LiPo discharge curve floor, used together with the configured reference voltage
@@ -73,10 +75,10 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
     }
     *internal = {};
 
-    internal->mosi = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_mosi.gpio_controller, config->pin_mosi.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    internal->mosi = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_mosi.gpio_controller, config->pin_mosi.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
-    internal->miso = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_miso.gpio_controller, config->pin_miso.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    internal->miso = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_miso.gpio_controller, config->pin_miso.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
-    internal->sck = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_sck.gpio_controller, config->pin_sck.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    internal->sck = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_sck.gpio_controller, config->pin_sck.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
-    internal->cs = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_cs.gpio_controller, config->pin_cs.pin, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
+    internal->cs = gpio_descriptor_acquire(config->pin_cs.gpio_controller, config->pin_cs.pin, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT | GPIO_FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIO_OWNER_GPIO);
 
     if (internal->mosi == nullptr || internal->miso == nullptr || internal->sck == nullptr || internal->cs == nullptr) {
         LOG_E(TAG, "Failed to acquire GPIO descriptors");
@@ -85,15 +87,8 @@ static error_t start(Device* device) {
         return ERROR_RESOURCE;
     }
 
-    bool ok =
-        gpio_descriptor_set_flags(internal->mosi, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) == ERROR_NONE &&
-        gpio_descriptor_set_flags(internal->sck, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) == ERROR_NONE &&
-        gpio_descriptor_set_flags(internal->cs, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_OUTPUT) == ERROR_NONE &&
-        gpio_descriptor_set_flags(internal->miso, GPIO_FLAG_DIRECTION_INPUT | GPIO_FLAG_PULL_UP) == ERROR_NONE;
-
     // Idle state: CS high (deselected), SCK/MOSI low.
-    ok = ok &&
+    bool ok = gpio_descriptor_set_level(internal->cs, false) == ERROR_NONE &&
-        gpio_descriptor_set_level(internal->cs, true) == ERROR_NONE &&
         gpio_descriptor_set_level(internal->sck, false) == ERROR_NONE &&
         gpio_descriptor_set_level(internal->mosi, false) == ERROR_NONE;
 
@@ -146,7 +141,7 @@ static error_t stop(Device* device) {
 static int read_spi_command(Xpt2046SoftSpiInternal* internal, uint8_t command) {
     int result = 0;
 
-    gpio_descriptor_set_level(internal->cs, false);
+    gpio_descriptor_set_level(internal->cs, true);
     delay_micros(1);
 
     for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
@@ -169,7 +164,7 @@ static int read_spi_command(Xpt2046SoftSpiInternal* internal, uint8_t command) {
         delay_micros(1);
     }
 
-    gpio_descriptor_set_level(internal->cs, true);
+    gpio_descriptor_set_level(internal->cs, false);
 
     return result;
 }

Platforms/platform-esp32/private/tactility/drivers/esp32_gpio_helpers.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ void release_pin(GpioDescriptor** gpio_descriptor);
  * If the pin spec is invalid, the pointer is set to null.
  * @return true if the pin was acquired successfully
  */
-bool acquire_pin_or_set_null(const GpioPinSpec& pin_spec, GpioDescriptor** gpio_descriptor);
+bool acquire_pin_or_set_null(const GpioPinSpec& pin_spec, gpio_flags_t direction_flags, GpioDescriptor** gpio_descriptor);
 
 /**
  * Safely acquire the native pin value.