Kernel improvements (#485)

* **New Features**
  * Added public accessors for querying module/device start and ready state.

* **Refactor**
  * Internal state moved to opaque internal objects; module/device/driver initializers now explicitly initialize internal pointers.
  * Lifecycle handling updated to construct/destruct internal state and use accessors.

* **Tests**
  * Tests updated to use public accessors and explicit construct/destruct lifecycle calls.

* **Chores**
  * Test build/include paths and small metadata updated.

TactilityKernel/Source/drivers/i2c_controller.cpp

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ error_t i2c_controller_has_device_at_address(Device* device, uint8_t address, Ti
     return I2C_DRIVER_API(driver)->write(device, address, message, 2, timeout);
 }
 
-extern const struct DeviceType I2C_CONTROLLER_TYPE { 0 };
+extern const struct DeviceType I2C_CONTROLLER_TYPE {
+    .name = "i2c-controller"
+};
 
 }